Mass communication is an immense and prestigious industry of today. In India mass communication industry has undergone a complete transformation in the recent years. It has made an outstanding success in the last ten years. Earlier, media was not so influencing and powerful and job opportunities were also lesser [...]]]> Latest trends in Mass Communication Industry

Mass communication is an immense and prestigious industry of today. In India mass communication industry has undergone a complete transformation in the recent years. It has made an outstanding success in the last ten years. Earlier, media was not so influencing and powerful and job opportunities were also lesser as compared to today.

Presently, Mass communication industry invites several young and enthusiastic people for making a fruitful career in various streams of mass communication. There are wonderful job opportunities for talented people along with good remuneration, promotion and growth. A number of news channels in Hindi, English and regional offer multiple job opportunities in various streams of mass communication. Mass communication is one of the most chosen fields by the youngsters due to various interesting career options in this profession

This is to be noted here Mass communication is a collective terms, it has a series of streams like- news-reading, reporting, columnist, Anchoring, radio jockey, public-relation, advertising, production, acting etc. You could choose to go in any respective field of your choice, all you require a specialized training course which can enhance your skills.

Internet is the latest add- on in the mass communication industry.  Today internet is also used for watching news and getting the latest update on the current happenings in the country and around the world. A lot of people turn to the internet while at work or outside home and it is being accessed all over the world. This is the reason now you would all news channels and news papers have maintained their own websites and columns. This also invites job opportunities for journalists and columnists to put their articles, blogs and send news to the millions of people across the world.

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Career in mass communication is widely at demand and thousands of students apply for various courses in mass communication every year. Due to the rising rush for mass communication among students, a string of mass communication government colleges and private institutes have opened up in the major cities of India and towns.  You may opt to do a degree or diploma in mass communication after your senior secondary or graduation. For mass communication course, it is important to have a good command in English and Hindi.  

In olden days, journalism (Mass Communication) in India was restricted with in the political boundaries, agriculture and business houses only. The concern of a common man was given least weight-age. It was controlled by the Government of India and there used to be one news channels for news and entertainment of the Indian masses. However, with the course of time, developments took place and the mass communication industry has spread its manifolds in every sector. Today, media covers every social, political and international issue.  It also pays equal importance to a common man’s grievances and issues. Entertainment channels have also multiplied and cover a large number of audiences.

In addition with the satellite channels, a series of Radio channels (FM) have also come up.  Every metropolitan city of India has its own various FM radio stations where several radio jockeys are working. Print media has also made a remarkable progress and dozens of Hindi, English and regional newspapers and magazines have come-up in the market. Today mass communication industry is not just limited to its country’s boundary but has reached globally. It also covers all the latest updates and current happenings around the globe.  The other development in mass communication industry is advertising agencies. A number of big and small advertising agencies have come up in the market and there are multiple career options available for mass communication graduates.

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What are the top 10 affiliate marketing tips for beginners? Are these tips able to make a beginner to a successful affiliate?

Every beginner must know the top 10 affiliate marketing tips in order to reduce failure and increase [...]]]> Top 10 Affiliate Marketing Tips for Beginners – Learn How to Survive in Online Affiliate Industry

What are the top 10 affiliate marketing tips for beginners? Are these tips able to make a beginner to a successful affiliate?

Every beginner must know the top 10 affiliate marketing tips in order to reduce failure and increase affiliate income. And of course, these tips are able to make you a successful affiliate marketer.

So what are the top 10 affiliate marketing tips for beginners? Here are they:

1. Realizing the concept of affiliate marketing: – Before you start, you must know what affiliate marketing is. Realize that you will get paid only when someone buys from you. So, spamming and the low quality content will not help you in this online business.

2. Knowing the Audience: – Money is there where buyers are. You must try to know about your audience. Realize that your audience must be able to buy your affiliate products and they must have Credit /debit cards. You must know the age and sex of your targeted audience.

3. Keyword research: – Keyword research is very important in all types of online business. If you don’t know what keyword research is then you will find yourself in trouble. Take a look at these keyword tools: Google Adword keyword tool, Google Suggest, Google insight, Good Keywords, Word Tracker. And after that you should take some keyword researches on any of these tools. invest a little time on knowing the terms like ‘demand’, ‘competition’, ‘the long tail keywords’, etc.

4. Great Product selection: – Another top affiliate marketing tip is you should select a great product that you are proud to represent. Great products have also good conversion rate (3% to 5%), so you will get more money for your efforts. Before choosing an affiliate product to promote, you should take some research to know its popularity and demand. Your vendor must provide good affiliate tools. Don’t join an affiliate program in which your vendor does not provide good affiliate tools.

5. PREsell: – The primary use of the internet is to search for the information. So, you will be able to build trust with your possible customers by providing valuable contents for free. Think for PREsell rather than sell. In other words, you should set up a content rich affiliate website and refer people to the merchant site via your affiliate website.

6. Planning : – Great victories achieved by planning. In affiliate marketing, planning is much important than any other things. You must make plan for next week as well as next month. You should make plans on how much traffic you want to build on your affiliate website and how much money you want to make via your affiliate program.

7. Be patient and keep persistency: – It is the key affiliate marketing tip that Rom was not built in a day. You need to work for hours, days, weeks and even months to see your first affiliate commission. Overall your earning depends upon your learning curves. You should bear in mind that making money through affiliate marketing is as possible as driving a car.

8. Content building: – In the internet, content is the king is a proven. Spend hours on building content on your affiliate website. Every visitor likes content and he wants more information on your niche. So, here is the affiliate marketing tip that you must provide new and unique information on your niche to your visitors.

9. List building : – Build a list of your subscribers. The larger the list you have, the larger money you will get. In your affiliate website, you should keen your visitors to sing up for a free ebook or e-course. Thereafter, you will be able to run a series follow-up email with your affiliate links. Provide more information about your product and excite your subscriber to buy your affiliate product.

10. Generating quality traffic: – There are hundreds of powerful traffic generation methods for an affiliate website. But the most powerful methods for beginner affiliates are article marketing and Facebook marketing. Article marketing is very simple, you just need to do some keyword research on your niche and write articles on those keywords. Thereafter, submit them to top article directories with your backlinks at the recourse boxes.

And the Facebook marketing is the best method to generate traffic if you don’t know about keyword research and SEO. In Facebook, you can create fun pages, participate in the discussions on related groups, increase your friends list, and overall you can refer your friends to your affiliate website.

These are the top 10 affiliate marketing tips for beginners. Now it’s time to take actions. Most of newbie affiliates fail because they don’t take any actions. They just search for information.

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Chinese people’s love for jewelry, can be called long, because it features not only preserved, but also condenses a lengthy rhyme Chinese culture for thousands of years, while wearing gold and silver is a prominent [...]]]> Chow Tai Fook wonderful interpretation of a successful marketing strategy classic – Chow Tai Fook, Jewelry – Jewelry Industry

Chinese people’s love for jewelry, can be called long, because it features not only preserved, but also condenses a lengthy rhyme Chinese culture for thousands of years, while wearing gold and silver is a prominent symbol of wealth, but also identity, status marker. Hong Kong’s Chow Tai Fook, with their legendary vicissitudes and development process, has witnessed China’s jewelry industry for decades the history of changes, publicity personality with their own unique marketing strategy, interpretation of the Chow Tai Fook Jewelry successful expansion of the classic. Bring Hong Kong’s Chow Tai Fook and family jewelry in the industry and consumers can be described very well. CTF, which was founded in 1929, and officially after Nianzhuan migration established in Hong Kong Jewellery, after 70 years of ups and downs, and gradually established its presence in Hong Kong jewelry industry leadership, and much consumers of love and trust, and in some regions, Chow Tai Fook Jewellery has become a synonym. CTF began to enter the mainland market, 90 of the 20th century, to avoid the fierce market competition in Hong Kong, looking for new breakthroughs and growth, to establish the Chow Tai Fook Jewellery Co. Ltd., Wuhan, marked the official sounded horn attack the mainland retail market, and in 1998, a comprehensive “advance” the domestic market in just a few years, the number of branches in the Mainland for almost two hundred, as the mainland’s jewelry jumped out of a field “dark horse”, 2005, CTF plans to open branches in the Mainland 80, strive to make the Chow Tai Fook stores throughout China all over the country in all directions. Chow Tai Fook, China’s most brand value in this selection of jewelry business, excelled in a short time, Xinghuoliaoyuan successful occupation of large areas of Hong Kong and Macao and the Mainland market, the success of its market expansion Where is the secret? Product strategy, comprehensive and highlight individual
Jewelry as a special commodity, with clear market segmentation, consumer group focused on the characteristics of its target consumer group is mainly female, therefore, focus on fashion, fashion and other consumer psychology, CTF launched for the Chinese situation product portfolio. 1, “never Ze” Pearl Series
Can not do without water for all the beautiful pearl is the embodiment of the water, the crystallization of water is a symbol of noble character, “must Ze” Brilliant Pearl series will be full of spirituality and vitality of pearl placed smooth, beautiful lines among the women added a fresh style, subtle but magnificent. Is the love of nature, the pursuit of artistic conception of the female of choice. 2, “stunning” red sapphire series
Stunning red sapphire series will be seduced sexy, sweet and romantic and moving clear, the perfect combination of avant-garde elements of personality, the temperament of the female is charming interpretation of the up, create a romantic and classical sections both modern and trendy atmosphere accessories, is the modern heart of the beloved girl. 3, “Stronghold” series Platinum “Stronghold” series of design concepts from “platinum water.” Main pendants and rings for women “heart lake ripples” as the theme, design stylish and elegant, perfect coordination will be elegant and bright, clever sketch of flowers in full bloom in a calm lake in the heart arise from the Si-Si ripple, like “Stronghold” as implicit, but it is a true and lasting heart lake brilliant memories! The fresh, elegant style and appeals to the imagination. 4, “DISNEY Princess” Jewelry Series “Disney Princess” jewelry line is designed to be six popular Disney fairy tale princess theme, the series revolves around the Princess are gorgeous, elegant and pure design and other characteristics made, including the Diamond Series , 18K gold, platinum and silver series, which are more devaluation Diamond Series Limited Edition “The Princess square diamond jewelry,” adds a distinguished extraordinary style. To add a spiritual and mystical jewelry.
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Adhere to grab the high-end projector market strategy of Sony in 2009 about

As the industry leader, Sony reputation for cutting-edge technology and excellent quality of the industry leading into 2009 is more focus grab early [...]]]> Adhere to grab the high-end projector market strategy of Sony 09 – Sony – Education Industry

Adhere to grab the high-end projector market strategy of Sony in 2009 about

As the industry leader, Sony reputation for cutting-edge technology and excellent quality of the industry leading into 2009 is more focus grab early in the Beijing-Shanghai and other cities have held high-profile “thin admiration & # 8226; pro-carry “as the theme of the 2009 conference new projection, but also for education and business areas of the two mainstream launch five new projection series?? VPL-ES7, VPL-EX7, VPL-EX70 and VPL-CX131, VPL -CX161, etc..

Sony has always been concerned about the projection of the education development of the industry, and education customers / government / enterprises with different needs of users in-depth interpretation, to understand the functions of projector users to refine and use of performance such as the manufacturer has higher requirements. The new VPL-CX131/CX161 that is the main market for this part of the specially designed, but also and won the “2008 Outstanding Product education industry” title.

In March, Sony has persistent efforts tailored for business users a variety of new projection?? VPL-MX20/25, and VPL-DX10/11/15, listed before, and VPL-ES7, VPL-EX7, VPL- EX70, they are not only applied the Sony innovative technology and industrial design, also with an amazing set of powerful features. This also reflects the business market, Sony’s determination to vigorously open up their trade upon listing is also caused quite a stir.

56 months, Sony is still in Beijing Shanghai and Shenzhen and other cities organized “Sony high-definition panoramic life?? Sony HD Theater Appreciation Tour” launched the new VPL-VW85 and VPL-HW15 two new products, also received domestic consumers to take part in high-definition and wide recognition.

8 29 26 consecutive days, the Beijing International Radio, Film and Television Equipment Exhibition (BIRTV) at the International Exhibition Centre, Sony also showed participants a variety of users for high-end projection engineering industry solutions This level among them Sony 4K resolution projects equipped with projection, it also works for BenQ machine made famous.

With these new projectors, Sony projectors are the industry to demonstrate a strong functional design, innovation and accurate market positioning, which Sony also launched a new round of market competition. Through these new projectors, we can find Sony 2009 projector products and some unique marketing strategies.

Business, education, family grab Sony’s commitment to market segments

Few years ago, Sony has been in business and home projection market, such as maintaining good momentum of development. With the projection market, its maturity, very rich product line, Sony also began working in the Olympic year projection market, the domestic segment. In order to better meet the projection needs of users, Sony of course, hoping to seek product differentiation. Through innovative design and positioning, Sony 2009 projector further highlight individual products, and is committed to the further breakdown of domestic projection market, in order to further tap the potential market demand projection.

Business projector market has always been Sony’s high hopes, Sony also has maintained the market lead. In 2009, Sony still want to continue to expand market leadership in the business, and deployed to replace the business market VPL-MX20/25 classic VPL-CX21. With sophisticated design and powerful functionality, Sony has these two new products expected to be new business leads business development of a model projection. In addition, VPL-ES7 and VPL-EX7 is mainly located in small and medium enterprise customers to design, they also take into account the home entertainment market, cafes, bars, KTV entertainment market superior projection users.

In the traditional field of education, Sony already has a full range of education projection products, and fully locked universities, education and government businesses. This also reflects the Sony aims to provide education and industry, more comprehensive solution (including VPL-CX135/165 network projection function), and strengthen education in traditional and emerging user lock to further enhance the Sony projector in education market competitiveness.

In high-definition home projector side, Sony’s full HD projectors have applied a powerful BRAVIAENGINE video engine, the product of the dynamic contrast ratio has also been further enhanced this high-end full HD users, and there is indeed good news; projectors, the Sony is committed to promoting the character of the industrial design and high-end solutions to 2K, 4K resolution, develop the domestic construction industry market.

Whole in 2009, Sony has been working to meet the changing market environment and a wider variety of user needs, and to continue to increase over 2500/3000 lumens of products and capital into the market. More importantly, Sony has full use of its innovative R & D capabilities, constantly enriching the product line of projectors on the market, but also for business, education, family and other areas provide the innovative edge of the Sony projectors to allow more consumers to benefit from. Sony projector to achieve localization

improve service quality Along, Sony is the leader in projection technology. Through constant research and development, accurate market positioning, the variety of sales expansion and reasonable control of Sony in 2009 also launched many innovative hard copy to the projection. In addition, Sony also committed to achieving the projected product localization strategy, and continue to provide manufacturing, sales and after-sales service such as localization of a full set of operating systems. This not only enables more efficient sales, marketing, manufacturing and services, but also better to save Sony projection of production costs to further enhance the competitiveness of products and brands.

Alone were not enough, Sony has also stepped up in 2009 to further enhance the service quality of the projection. In order to better support customers and improve customer satisfaction projectors, Sony projectors professional customer service hotline is also a comprehensive upgrade to 400 hotline.

Now, Sony projectors from the 44 after-sales service network of professional services have been expanded to 79 centers, which can better meet the Sony projector in more areas of coverage requirements. It is worth mentioning that Sony has for the provision of different types of projectors corresponding to the different maintenance strategies, and introduced a large number of paid on-site maintenance services and home services, this is a number of Sony’s innovative new business model. I believe with strong technical and service support system, Sony projector will also be able to provide strong support for domestic users.

Continue to maintain our edge to meet the diverse needs of the Sony Business Projectors

Business projection in March of this year at the show, Sony announced, including VPL-MX20/25, VPL-DX10/11/15 and VPL
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SAP has announced the formal launch in China of a new SAP BusinessObjects business application software (SAP BusinessObjects analytic applications), to function through innovative business analysis to help business users anywhere, in any way to get [...]]]> SAP launched a new business analysis application software to meet the specific needs of the industry

SAP has announced the formal launch in China of a new SAP BusinessObjects business application software (SAP BusinessObjects analytic applications), to function through innovative business analysis to help business users anywhere, in any way to get the key industry-specific information. The business analysis application software includes a set to effectively address industry-specific solutions to problems and challenges, and is applicable to different business environments. SAP and customers through the joint creation, the application software will vigorously promote the development of knowledge workers to better business decisions, while the industry by providing insights and best practices to help customers more comprehensive understanding of risk, finding opportunities, and develop the right business decisions, improve the company’s business development. This is a very complete set of solutions and is ready, so they can be deployed rapidly and deliver value to customers quickly. In addition, SAP or SAP services partner ecosystem with the help of these solutions can also be customized according to customer’s own situation, in-depth to meet their special needs.

Now, the first line of work in the trades employees are finding that they are more than ever need timely and reliable business insights. Therefore, they are required specifically developed for their business needs solutions that enable them to directly access information to quickly make effective decisions and win a greater competitive advantage. For example, employees of the retail business if the need for effective sales analysis, must be able to access the retail supply chain in real time in a variety of data sources and systems. For those margins in the single digits in the industry, clearly and accurately control the sales and operational data is crucial for the survival of the enterprise, or even related to the company’s quarterly performance is superior or not reached. Therefore, in order to effectively deal with these realities of business challenges, SAP in close cooperation with customers, the market-leading portfolio of SAP BusinessObjects and SAP in specific industries and areas of expertise in the combination of SAP BusinessObjects developed a business analysis application software that The new product line.

National University of Singapore (NUS), Mr Tommy Hor Computer Center Director, said: “Business Analysis in our university at the heart of a variety of applications, we also increasingly focus on using business analytics to track, manage, and strengthen research performance and capabilities. SAP BusinessObjects business analysis software can help decision-makers one-stop access to data, obtain insight, and can be independent of each other, sources associate different data sources. SAP’s sincere cooperation with the National University of Singapore to create a strategic sense solutions that enable us to better measure and evaluate their research results. In addition, the solution enables our researchers to intuitively access to project expenditures, timelines and cash flow information, they can now be more valuable time and energy into the business of innovation, accelerate research progress and research results published. These will further enhance the international status of our university. ”

Quick and easy deployment: immediate delivery of value for customers

SAP BusinessObjects business analysis application software includes nine new applications, they can not only be deployed in just eight weeks, but can also handle non-SAP from the SAP system and the system of structured or unstructured data. This series of business analysis applications can cover medical, consumer goods, utilities, financial services, retail and telecommunications and other industries to help relevant enterprises in finance, sales, marketing, risk assessment, patient care and customer retention department professionals to solve all kinds of problems. These applications not only for those users with business insight needed for successful operation, but also provide them with relevant background information.

SAP BusinessObjects business analysis application software includes:

- SAP BusinessObjects shelf availability of

- SAP BusinessObjects business promotion effectiveness

- SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise Risk Banking Report

- SAP BusinessObjects Planning and statements of the banking consolidation

- SAP BusinessObjects Planning and statements of the medical industry consolidation

- SAP BusinessObjects health care industry quality management

- SAP BusinessObjects Retail Sales Analysis

- SAP BusinessObjects telecommunications customer analysis and customer retention

- SAP BusinessObjects Planning and statements of public utilities merger

To further meet the specific needs of individual customers, and accelerate the speed of deployment, SAP Services (SAP Service) also provides a range of implementation services specifically designed and customized predictive analysis services.

Partner ecosystem will lead to more joint innovation and product services

As these new applications added, SAP partner ecosystem will continue to work with customers to promote more joint innovation, and further introduced to meet the unique needs of the user’s solution. SAP systems integrator partners – including the Aster Group, Blueprint, Capgemini, Column5, CSC, United International, The Glenture Group, LSI Consulting and syskoplan, etc. – will this work for a particular geographical area or business expertise technology and expertise. In addition, SAP will work with technology partners, HP and Teradata to cooperate to their managed services and data warehousing solutions to optimize SAP BusinessObjects business analysis application software.

Xiaojie Yun, president of SAP China, said: “Through this unique and innovative application of SAP portfolio, we can provide real-time knowledge workers of today’s current business operations information to help them in case of sufficient information to formulate business decisions more quickly. From Chief Executive Officer to the general staff, if hundreds or thousands of employees are able to enjoy the power of this effective decision-making, then the business will be of great value, and thus significantly improve the speed of business operations, enhance sensitivity and improve business behavior. through joint development with customers, SAP, SAP BusinessObjects business analysis application software, today formally launched in China, these new applications will be available on any system – including the SAP system and non-SAP systems – to facilitate implementation of the above , can be deployed quickly to deliver immediate value for the enterprise. “Tweet

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Local industry honored for its outstanding safety record
Cohen Architectural Woodworking has been honored with an award for their outstanding safety practices. The woodworking facility was awarded with the 2009 American Subcontractors Association Safety Award, which honors businesses for having 50,000 man-hours of injury free work.

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The origin of the word “tourist” date back to 1292 AD. It has come from the word ‘tour’. A number of experts have defined the term:
“Tourists are the voluntary temporary travelers, traveling in the expectations of pleasure from the novelty and change experienced on a relatively and non-current round-trip”.
“Tourist is [...]]]> Tourists

The origin of the word “tourist” date back to 1292 AD. It has come from the word ‘tour’. A number of experts have defined the term:
“Tourists are the voluntary temporary travelers, traveling in the expectations of pleasure from the novelty and change experienced on a relatively and non-current round-trip”.
“Tourist is a person who makes a journey for the sake of curiosity for the fun of traveling”.

Tourists are:

-Persons traveling for pleasure, health and domestic reason.
-Persons arriving in the sea of sea cruise.
-Persons traveling for convention.

Tourism – the first commercial venture.

A religious Englishman called Thomas Cook in 1841 arranged, for a fee, a one –day rail excursion from Leicester to Loughborough for 540 members of a temperance league. Thus the first bona fide travel agent was Thomas Cook.

While Cook himself did not make a profit on this first venture, he was a man of vision and was convinced that there was a need for a skilled “travel arranger”. So by 1845 he had become the first full-time travel agent, operating train excursions from Leicester. The next year he chartered a train and steamer for an excursion to Scotland for 330 people. In 1851 Cook arranged ocean steamship travel and accommodations for more than 1,50,000 visitors to the World Exposition in London and in 1856 he operated the first escorted “grand tour” of Europe. Tours to Europe and Middle East were also conducted and, in 1872, the first around the world tour was conducted.

Tourism as a Service Industry

Tourism as a service industry comprises of several allied activities which together produce the tourism product. Involved in the tourism product are three major sub-industries. They are: -
1. Tour operators and travel agents.
2. Accommodation sector (hoteling and catering) and
3. Passenger accommodation.

According to international estimates, a tourist spends 35% of his total expenditure on transportation, about 40% on lodging and food and the balance 25% on entertainment, shopping and incidentals.
The product in this case is not confirmed to travel and accommodation but includes a large array of auxiliary services ranging from insurance and entertainment and shopping, demand generation, in addition to the consumer motivation, is also heavily dependent upon powerful persuasive communication both at the macro (country) level and the micro (enterprise) level. The participants in the process of this service business can be illustrated by the figure below.

Some of the pointers to nature of tourism as a Service Industry

1. Tourism accounts for nearly 6% of world trade.
2. Bulk of the World travel business is located in Europe and North America., with 1/8 of the market being shared between the other regions.
3. The highest growth rate in tourism in recent years has been in the third world.
4. Tourism, like most pure services, because of the character of inseparability, exemplifies a product, which cannot be sampled before purchase; the prospective consumers have to travel to a foreign destination in order to consume the product.
5. The major players in the tourism market include a number of intermediary companies. Some of them transnational in character, some of them exhibit
vertical integration, both backward and forward, acquiring interests in all major sectors of this service industry.

The Tourism Product- Factors Governing Demand.

Because of the unique nature of the nature of tourism product- it being an amalgam of the characteristics of a destination and the infrastructural as well as managerial efforts of the promoter, the determinants of tourists demand emanate from both individual tourist motivations and the economic, social, technological factors. Some of these are:

• Income Levels

In the last 30 years, disposable incomes around the world have shown upward trends, thus allowing more money for activities like leisure travel. Smaller families have meant higher allocations per person in the family. More and more women are entering the workforce and in real terms the cost of travel has fallen. The dramatic rise of tourism in the last 50 years can be attributed in a large measure to the combined effect of more leisure time and rise in both real and disposable incomes.

• More Leisure time:

Increasing unionization of labour right from 1930 onwards has reduced the number of working hours per week. Changing managerial orientations towards human resources have increased the levels of pay and paid vacation time in most developed countries. Now people have longer periods of leisure, which could be allocated to travel.

• Mobility

Better transportation and communication services have made the world a smaller place, and have brought both exposure and awareness of distant lands to larger sections of potential tourists across the world. Faster modes of transport have cut down on travel time, making it easier for people to economically plan and execute trips abroad.

• Growth in Government Security Programmes and Employment Benefits:

The growth in government security programmes and well entrenched policies of employee benefits mean that quite a large number of families may have long term financial security and may be more willing to spend money for vacations.

Tourist Classification:-

Tourists can be classified into the following seven demand categories:-
1. Explorer: – Very limited in number, these tourists are looking for discovery and involvement with local people.
2. Elite: – People who favour special, individually trips to exotic places.
3. Offbeat: – These are filled with a desire to get away from the usual humdrum life.
4. Unusual: – Visitors who are looking forward to trips with peculiar objectives such as physical danger or isolation.
5. Incipient mass: – A steady flow, traveling alone or in small-organized groups using some shared services.
6. Mass: – The general packaged tour market, leading to tourist enclaves abroad.
7. Charter: – Mass travel to relaxation destinations, which incorporate as many as standardized, developed world facilities as possible.

The Travel Decision:-

The average tourist is faced with considerable uncertainty regarding the decision and may have only scanty ideas about distant destinations. His evaluation of alternatives is also limited to the extent of this awareness about possible destinations. The stages of travel decision can be described as: -

1. Travel Desire:-
The first step where the need to travel is felt and the pros and cons are thought about.
2. Information Collection and Evaluation:-
This stage involves the process of finding out the trip from travel agents, books and acquaintances .information so collected is evaluated against criteria of cost and time constraints, alternative possibilities, relative attractiveness of destinations, perceived ‘safety’ o the alternative destinations etc.
3. Travel Decision:-
This is the decision phase involving selection of destination, travel, mode of accommodation and activities to be undertaken.
4. Travel Preparation and Experience:-
This involves tickets, bookings, travel, money and documents arrangement, clothing and undertaking of the travel.
5. Travel Satisfaction Evaluation:-
The whole tourism expenditure is constantly evaluated before, during and after the experience is used to influence future decisions.

The marketing concept for the travel and tourism industry is profit driven and customer centric (unlike sales which are volume driven and target centric).

Service Marketing Triangle

Service marketing is unique in many ways in the travel and tourism industry. There are 3 players in the transaction process:-

- Company: A travel and tourism company listens to the customers and evolves/develops the travel/tour package and it communicates the attractiveness and the utility of that very tour package directly to the customers. Here it (the company) performs external marketing. The company makes promises to the customers.

- Providers: They are a travel company’s internal customers constituting employees and agents. The company does internal marketing with the providers educating and motivating them about the idea of the particular tour package which they can offer to their customers. This is done to enable the providers to effectively carry out the service transaction process. The providers make provisions for office space, accessibility and connectivity. The company enables promises to be kept by this infrastructural association.

- Customers (Travelers): The customers are the reasons that the travel company exists and for whom the company has designed the traveling and touring package as well as set up the infrastructural facilities and spent money on employee development programmes. Here the providers are the only ones who interact with the customers, like the travel agents interact with the customers and not the company. The agents perform interactive marketing which is on-time, all-time, every-time. This is the most crucial aspect of service marketing in the travel and tourism sector. Those agents have the responsibility of ‘keeping promises’ made and enabled by the company. The providers (agents) are responsible for the perceived quality level of the service transaction. This underlines the uniqueness of service marketing.

Tourism Products:

1. Accommodation
• Hotels
• Motels
• Boatels
• Flotels

2. Destination

• Natural Scenes
• Historic Excellence
• Artificial Beauties
• Social Cultural Excellence

3. Transportation

• Infrastructural
i. Airways
ii. Railways
iii. Roadways
iv. Waterways

• Local

i. Local transport

4. Tour operators

• Travel companies
• Travel agents
• Guides

5. Shopping

• Handicrafts
• Handloom
• Books

Marketing mix for tourism product:

The designing of the marketing mix variables in case of tourism is significant as it helps the marketer in conceiving the right ideas, particularly to raise the acceptability of the tourist product by stimulating and penetrating the demand. Framing of a proper marketing mix is significant because it helps the tourist organization in accomplishing the objective and projecting a fair image.

Product Mix:

Tourism is a composite product with components like attraction facilities and transportation. Attraction deserves an intensive care. It includes natural site, places of historic interest, events and cultural attraction.

The facilities compliment attraction. The facilities include accommodation, food, transportation and recreational facilities. The transportation component includes the vehicles and infrastructure. Innovation in the tourism product helps raising the sensitivity. The users of the service are looking forward to better and improved product.

The provider of the tourist is a travel agent or the package tour. A well conceived and designed package tour, covering a wide range of tourist attraction at an economic price, helps in attracting the potential tourist.

The travel agent performs numerous activities such as hotel arrangement and accommodation, site seeing arrangement, domestic transport arrangement, air travel arrangement etc.
In a true sense the tour agents and the travel agents are the vehicles who can give a fillip to the tourism industry, provided they are well trained.

Pricing:

Pricing of the travel business is complex. Geographical location of the destination, seasonality and varying demand affects the pricing decision.
In India the pricing strategies become important for promoting or contracting the tourism industry, since more than 40% of the total population are below the poverty line. In order to develop the tourism industry more and more potential users are to be transformed into actual users.

When a tourist proposes to visit a particular place, the total cost of his traveling also include the expenses incurred on transportation, accommodation and communication.
Liberal pricing strategy is found to be a productive pricing decision, particularly in case of tourism industry. The pricing strategy which includes low income group people, student and retired persons can be more effective. This is possible if the government concessional and subsidized infrastructural facilities to the potential tourist below the average income.

The different pricing methods generally used are cost based pricing, demand based pricing and competition based pricing.

Promotions:

The promotion mix includes advertising, publicity, sales support and public relations.
The purpose of promotion is to make available the information to the user. Advertising the sales promotion can be effective when supplemented by publicity and personal selling.
Radio, TV, newspapers, cinema and printings are some of the important vehicles for traveling of messages. Effective slogans raises the effectiveness of advertisement.

Another important component of the promotion mix is public relation. It helps in projecting the image of an organization. Public relation and publicity include regular articles and photographs of tour attraction, use of TV and travel journalists to promote editorial comment.
Public relation officer plays an important role. He should be efficient, active, impressive, intelligent and well-behaved.

Good image projection can be made if the PRO manages the affair like a professional. It is said that word of mouth is the best form of publicity. The word of mouth promotion is an important tool in tourism marketing.

Place:

The tourist centers should be located at suitable points if the tourists spots are natural there is no question of selection. In a vast country like India with a divergent socioeconomic and cultural patterns, the promotion of domestic tourism encourages unity in diversity.
Infrastructural facilities, transport and communication are important for development of tourist centres. The site selected should have natural surroundings, increased accessibility and improved amenities. At the same time it is also important that the ecological balance is not disturbed. Since growing ecological imbalances leads to pollution, some important steps like promoting afforestation, promotion and beautification may be undertaken in countering the side effects of atmospheric pollution and maintaining ecological balance.Tweet